Enhanced recovery pathway in open and minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective study on feasibility, compliance, and outcomes in a high-volume resource limited tertiary cancer center.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery program (ERP) has demonstrated improved postoperative outcomes with increased compliance to pathway. However, there is scarce data on feasibility and safety in resource limited setting. The objective was to assess compliance with ERP and its impact on postoperative outcomes and return to intended oncological treatment (RIOT). METHODS: A single center prospective observational audit was conducted from 2014 to 2019, in elective colorectal cancer surgery. Before implementation, multi-disciplinary team was educated regarding ERP. Compliance to ERP protocol and its elements was recorded. Impact of quantum of compliance (≥80% vs. <80%) to ERP on postoperative morbidity, mortality, readmission, stay, re-exploration, functional GI recovery, surgical-specific complications, and RIOT was evaluated for open and minimal invasive surgery (MIS). RESULTS: During study, 937 patients underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery. Overall compliance with ERP was 73.3%. More than 80% compliance was observed in 332 (35.4%) patients in the entire cohort. Patients with <80% compliance had significantly higher overall, minor and surgery-specific complications, longer postoperative stay, delayed functional GI recovery for both open and MIS procedures. RIOT was observed in 96.5% patients. Duration to RIOT was significantly shorter following open surgery with ≥80% compliance. Compliance <80% to ERP was identified as one of the independent predictors for developing postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates beneficial impact of increased compliance to ERP on postoperative outcomes following open and minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer. Within a resource limited setting, ERP was found to feasible, safe, and effective in both open and minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery.

Impact of enhanced recovery pathway in 408 gallbladder cancer resections.

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the sixth most common gastrointestinal malignancy with poor prognosis. Enhanced Recovery Pathway (ERP) is associated with improved outcomes following abdominal surgical procedures. Currently, there is no study evaluating ERP in patients undergoing GBC surgery. The objective was to assess compliance with ERP elements and evaluate its impact on postoperative outcomes. METHODS: Prospective study conducted from February 2014-2019, including elective GBC surgery. Team was educated prior to ERP implementation. Compliance with the protocol, functional gastrointestinal (GI) recovery, mobilisation, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Impact of degree of compliance (more or less than 80%) with ERP and postoperative outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS: In 408 patients, compliance with ERP was 84.6% (53.8-100%). Compliance >80% with ERP elements was observed in 245 patients (60%). Patients with >80% compliance had lower rate of minor (18.8% vs. 27%, p = 0.050) and significantly less major (0.8% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.002) and postoperative stay (5.84 ± 4.86 vs. 7.55 ± 6.6 days, p < 0.001) and earlier functional GI recovery. Intraoperative blood loss more than 600 ml, lower compliance (<80%) with ERP and preoperative albumin independently predicted postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery pathway in gallbladder cancer. Higher compliance with the pathway was associated with significantly improved postoperative outcomes following gallbladder cancer surgery.